Vue新建项目+git托管+初始配置+项目打包优化

2024-1-4 前端达人

1、已全局安装vue-cli和nodejs（第一次需要）

2、利用Vue-cli创建项目

打开项目所在文件夹
vue create ‘项目名’
选择手动配置

babel：js编辑器
typeScript：超集js【需要指定数据类型】
PWA：离线可用
Linter/Formatter：约束代码规范，配合eslint
unit/e2e testing：测试
在这里插入图片描述

3、git远程仓库初始化（创建并添加公钥，配一次即可）

4、本地项目托管

新建仓库，给仓库命名即可，无任何勾选
第二次新建仓库，不需要再git全局设置
已经创建了项目，进入vscode终端（管理员）（or cmd进入项目路径）
git init
执行橙色代码（第一句表示远程仓库地址，第二句表示首次推送主分支到云端仓库，origin为云仓库别名）

在这里插入图片描述

5、项目文件夹

node_modules:放置项目依赖的地方
public:一般放置一些共用的静态资源，包括页签图标、index.html，打包上线的时候，public文件夹里面资源原封不动打包到dist文件夹里面；<%= BASE_URL %>是public所在路径，使用绝对路径

脚手架目录public和assets区别：参考链接
在这里插入图片描述

src：程序员源代码文件夹

assets文件夹：经常放置一些静态资源（图片），assets文件夹里面资源webpack会进行打包为一个模块（js文件夹里面）
components文件夹:一般放置非路由组件（或者项目共用的组件）
App.vue 唯一的根组件
main.js 入口文件【程序最先执行的文件】
babel.config.js:babel配置文件【翻译官：如ES6翻译成ES5，兼容好】
package.json：应用包配置文件；看到项目描述、项目依赖、项目运行指令【项目信息记录：‘项目身份证’】
package-lock.json: 包版本控制文件
.gitignore: git版本管制忽略的配置
README.md:项目说明文件

补充：通过 vue.config.js 可以修改 webpack 的默认配置
在这里插入图片描述

6、初始配置

a. 浏览器自动打开html，vue-cli-service serve --open

在package.json文件中
        "scripts": {
         "serve": "vue-cli-service serve --open",
          "build": "vue-cli-service build",
          "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
        },

b.关闭eslint校验工具

创建vue.config.js文件：需要对外暴露
module.exports = {
   lintOnSave:false,
}

c. src文件夹的别名的设置【@表示src文件夹，@在"node_modules","dist"不能用】

创建jsconfig.json文件
{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": "./",
        "paths": {
            "@/*": [
                "src/*"
            ]
        }
    },
    "exclude": [
        "node_modules",
        "dist"
    ]
}

7、后台项目的环境安装配置；参考黑马项目

MySQL数据库；
Node.js环境【因为后台接口依赖Node.js】 Nodejs安装及环境配置链接
安装API依赖包；
postman测试后台项目接口：【安装与使用见连接】
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61843874/article/details/123324727
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hP4y177gS/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=c4d71976fd97f04545873bc4552dfb71
选择好请求方式；输入URL；body——x-www-form-urlencoded（普通形式输入请求参数）

8、清除初始静态样式，梳理app.vue根组件

9、清除初始路由配置；清除初始的路由组件和非路由组件

新建routes.js放路由规则在这里插入图片描述

10、生成项目报告

npm run build  -- --report

11、项目优化

Vue项目在执行build命令期间中移除所有console.log 链接
通过 vue.config.js 可以修改 webpack 的默认配置
为开发模式与发布模式指定不同的打包入口

3.1 打包入口的修改，可以通过 configureWebpack和 chainWebpack节点来实现：

3.2 通过 chainWebpack 自定义打包入口
新建./src/main-prod.js和./src/main-dev.js文件；在vue.config.js进行如下配置

chainWebpack: config => {
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')
    })
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-dev.js')
    })
  }

通过externals 加载外部 CDN 资源，对于externals中的第三方依赖包，在用到依赖包的时候，会找window全局对象上查找并直接使用现成的对象，能够让打包的项目体积更小；只有production模式才有必要配置externals节点

第一步：vue.config.js——>配置externals节点
在这里插入图片描述

//配置后的vue.config.js
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
  transpileDependencies: true,
  lintOnSave:false,
  // 通过 chainWebpack 为开发模式与发布模式指定不同的打包入口
  chainWebpack: config => {
    // 发布模式
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')

   <span class="token comment">// 通过externals 加载外部 CDN 资源</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'externals'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">vpe</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">' Vue '</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-router'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueRouter'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">axios</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'axios'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">lodash</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'_'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">echarts</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'echarts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">nprogress</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'NProgress'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-quill-editor'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueQuillEditor'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">when</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token parameter">config</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'app'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./src/main-dev.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

} })

第二步：导入的样式表也会被导入到输出文件中，导致体积大；临时注释掉main.prod.js中的import的VueQuillEditor样式表；进行如下配置；【注意版本号】
在这里插入图片描述
进一步添加js文件的CDN引用：

<!-- 富文本编辑器样式表文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.core.min.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.snow.min.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.bubble.min.css"/>

<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue-router/3.5.1/vue-router.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/axios/1.3.4/axios.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/5.4.1/echarts.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 富文本编辑器的 js 文件 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-quill-editor@3.0.6/dist/vue-quill-editor.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>

.通过 CDN 优化 ElementUl 的打包

第一步：在这里插入图片描述

<!-- element-ui的样表文件-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/theme-chalk/index.css" />
    <!-- element-ui的 js 又件-->
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/index.js"></script>

第二步：临时注释掉
// 引入自定义插件（封装element按需引入模块）
// import element from ‘./plugins/element’

首页内容定制（根据production模式和development模式定制）
不同的打包环境下，首页内容可能会有所不同，我们可以通过插件的方式进行定制；
isProd的值为True表示production模式，为FALSE表示development模式；

第一步：对vue.config.js中chainWebpack的属性进行调整：

// 通过 chainWebpack 为开发模式与发布模式指定不同的打包入口
  chainWebpack: config => {
    // 1、发布模式
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')

   <span class="token comment">// 通过externals 加载外部 CDN 资源</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'externals'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">vue</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">' Vue '</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-router'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueRouter'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">axios</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'axios'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">lodash</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'_'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">echarts</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'echarts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-quill-editor'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueQuillEditor'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token comment">// 不同的打包环境下，首页内容可能会有所不同</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 我们可以通过插件的方式进行定制，根据isProd的值，来决定如何染页面结构，发布模式插件配置如下:</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">args</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    args<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>isProd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> args
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 2、开发模式</span>
config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">when</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token parameter">config</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'app'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./src/main-dev.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token comment">// 不同的打包环境下，首页内容可能会有所不同</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 我们可以通过插件的方式进行定制，根据isProd的值，来决定如何染页面结构，开发模式插件配置如下:</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">args</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    args<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>isProd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> args
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}

第二步：在public/index.html首页中，可以根据isProd的值，来决定如何染页面结构

<title><%=htmlWebpackPlugin.options.isProd?'':'dev-' %>电商后台管理系统</title>

<% if(htmlWebpackPlugin.options.isProd){ %>
前面CDN引入的依赖资源（富文本编辑器+elemen-ui）
<% } %>

前面CDN引入的依赖资源（富文本编辑器+elemen-ui），代码如下：

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.core.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.snow.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.bubble.min.css"/>

<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue-router/3.5.1/vue-router.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/axios/1.3.4/axios.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/5.4.1/echarts.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 富文本编辑器的 js 文件 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-quill-editor@3.0.6/dist/vue-quill-editor.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 

<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> element<span class="token operator">-</span>ui的样表文件<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>link rel<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"stylesheet"</span> href<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/theme-chalk/index.css"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> element<span class="token operator">-</span>ui的 js 又件<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/index.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>

第三步：由于对首页内容根据production模式和development模式进行了定制，需要将前面注释掉的富文本编辑器样式，以及element-ui样式引入取消注释，最终项目会根据不同模式展示首页

7. 路由懒加载
当打包构建应用时，JavaScript 包会变得非常大，影响页面加载。如果我们能把不同路由对应的组件分割成不同的代码块，然后**[当路由被访问的时候才加载对应组件**]，这样就会更加高效。

在这里插入图片描述

简化：
不需要在route.js文件 import UserDetails from ‘./views/UserDetails.vue’；直接路由懒加载
{
name:‘search’, //商品搜索
path:‘/search’,
component:()=>import(‘@/pages/Search’), [路由被访问才加载组件]

分享此文一切功德，皆悉回向给文章原作者及众读者.

免责声明：蓝蓝设计尊重原作者，文章的版权归原作者。如涉及版权问题，请及时与我们取得联系，我们立即更正或删除。